Blepharoplasty in Brazil
Blepharoplasty in Brazil section, includes general infrmation about Blepharoplasty Procedure, Blepharoplasty Brazil Local News, Blepharoplasty Brazil Surgeon Locator and other Blepharoplasty related material.
Blepharoplasty Procedure
This cosmetic surgical procedure intends to reshape the upper eyelid or lower eyelid by the removal and/or repositioning of excess tissue. The procedure also reinforces the surrounding muscles and tendons.
Medical needs
When an advanced amount of upper eyelid skin is present, the skin may hang over the eyelashes and cause of loss of peripheral vision. The outer and upper parts of the visual field are most commonly affected. Such condition may result in difficulty with activities such as driving or reading.
Cosmetic needs
Patients with a less severe amount of excess skin may still wish to undergo similar procedure for cosmetic reasons. Lower eyelid blepharoplasty is almost always done for cosmetic reasons, to improve puffy lower eyelid "bags" and reduce the wrinkling of skin.
The procedure
Blepharoplasty is performed through external incisions made along the natural skin lines of the eyelids. Such location may be the creases of the upper lids and below the lashes of the lower lids, or from the inside surface of the lower eyelid.
Duration
The operation takes one to three hours to complete, depending on the scope of the procedure. Initial swelling and bruising take one to two weeks to resolve. However, until the final result becomes stable, it needs at least several months to heal.
The outcome
The cosmetic outcome of the procedure depends on the anatomy of the upper/lower eyelids, the patients' skin quality, the patients' age, and the bony tissues and soft tissues which are adjacent to the location the Blepharoplasty took place.
Complications
There are factors known to cause complications after surgery. Failure to recognize such factors before the operation may result in undesired outcome. For example, such factors may be:
• Pre-existing dry eyes. The situation after operation may become worse, by disrupting the natural tear film;
• Laxity (looseness) of the lower lid margin (edge), which caused lower lid malposition;
• Prominence of the eye in relation to the malar (cheek) complex, which causes lower lid malposition.
Average costs
Average physician/surgeon fee for blepharoplasty (aesthetic plastic surgery) in 2005 was around $3,000. These fees are for the physician/surgeon fees only and do not include fees for the surgical facility, anesthesia, medical tests, prescriptions, surgical garments or any other costs related to the surgery. Physicians most qualified to perform blepharoplasty are plastic surgeons, otolaryngologies, ophthalmologists, and those that practice oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Asian blepharoplasty
An upper blepharoplasty in someone who is Asian is termed Asian blepharoplasty or double eyelid surgery. It is the most popular form of cosmetic surgery among those of East and Southeast Asian background. Due to anatomic differences between the Asian and occidental eyelid, about half of this population are born without a supratarsal eyelid crease and are called single-lidded. Surgery can be used to artificially create a crease above the eye.
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty involves removing lower eyelid fat through an incision on the back of the eyelid, eliminating the need for an external incision. Since there is no external incision, excess skin can not be removed during the surgery, but skin resurfacing with a chemical peel or carbon dioxide laser may be performed simultaneously. This allows for a faster recovery process.
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Brazil People Throughout its history, Brazil has welcomed several different peoples and practices. The lack of British or Dutch-style puritanism in colonial history has contributed that Brazil constitutes a melting pot of the most diverse ethnic groups thus mitigating ethnic prejudices and preventing racial conflicts (though long lasting slavery and genocide among indigenous populations have taken their toll). Nevertheless, race (or, better saying, skin colour) is still a dividing factor in Brazilian society and you will notice the skin typically darkens as the social class gets lower: wealth and middle-class are mostly white; many middle-class are mixed; and the majority of poor people are black or indian. Nowadays, however, Afro-Brazilians and Amerindian populations are increasingly aware of their civil rights and of their rich cultural heritage.
In general, Brazilians are a fun-loving people. While attitude in the South may be somewhat colder and more reserved, from Rio upwards people usually boast a captivating attitude towards life and truly enjoy having a good time. Some may even tell you that beer, football, samba and barbecue is all they could crave for.
Brazil History and Economy Until 1500, Brazil was inhabited solely by indigenous people, mainly of the Tupi and Guarani ethnic groups. Actual settling by the Portuguese began later that century, with the extraction of valuable pau-brasil wood, from which the country draws its name. The following four centuries saw further exploitation of the country's natural riches (gold and rubber) besides the rise of an economy based on agriculture (sugar and coffee) and slave labor, millions of Africans taken to the new world in a forced diaspora. Meanwhile, extermination or Christianizing of natives kept its pace, and the 19th century saw a second wave of European (mainly Italian and German) immigration, adding to this unique and complex set of factors that generated today's equally complex and unique Brazilian culture and society.
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