Hair Transplant in Rio de Janeiro BR
Hair loss is caused by a combination of ageing, hormonal changes and a genetic history of baldness. The earlier hair loss begins, the more severe the baldness. It can also be caused by trauma, or burns, whereas this surgery is considered reconstructive.
Procedure Types
Hair Transplantation - The procedure consists of resurfacing bald areas of scalp with hair. Plugs of bald scalp are removed and then filled with plugs of scalp containing several hair roots taken from hair-bearing areas. Those grafts root themselves into their new locations and hair follicles start to grow eventually.
Depending on the degree of baldness, the number of grafts needed and the length of treatment sessions vary. Several operations may be necessary. The technique may leave many small scars on the site used (donor sites) but are usually not noticeable.
Scalp Flap Transfer – This is done when the sides of the scalp (above the ears) and the back of the scalp is hair-bearing. A long thin "flap" of scalp that is hair-bearing is removed and placed across a bald section to create a band of normal hair growth. As part of the treatment, parts of the bald scalp may be removed. The donor site is closed by stretching the opposite side of the scalp.
This procedure replaces hair across a large area of bald scalp. The hair growth looks normal, and the narrow scars are hidden between the hair follicles.
Scalp Reduction (Serial Excision) – This is the removal of as much of the bald section as possible and done in the first operation. The adjacent hair bearing areas of scalp are pulled in close to the bald section, with the understanding that some bald areas will remain. This technique is repeated one or more times at a later date to eventually reconstruct the bald area.
Tissue Expansion – A device called a tissue expander is placed under a hair growth area situated adjacent to a bald area. After several weeks, the tissue expander causes skin to grow new skin cells. Then another operation is necessary to place the newly expanded skin over the ajoining bald area.
Ideal candidates for hair replacement must have a healthy growth of hair at the back and sides of the head. The hair on the back and sides of the head will be the donor sites where the flaps and grafts will be surgically removed.
The procedure location options may include the surgeon's office-based surgical facility, outpatient surgery center, hospital outpatient, or hospital in patient.
The anesthetic options are either general, or local (combined with a sedative)which allows the patient to remain awake but relaxed.
To achieve desired fullness, several surgical sessions are needed. There is a healing period of several months recommended between each session. The final result with a full transplant series may take up to 2 years.
A month or 2 after surgery, the grafted hair falls out (which is normal and temporary). It takes another month or more before hair growth starts. To create more natural-looking results, a surgical touch-up procedure may be necessary. This may consist of using a combination of mini grafts or slit grafts to fill and blend in the hairline.
More Rio de Janeiro info...
Rio de Janeiro By car
Rio is connected by many roads to neighboring cities and states, but access can be confusing as there are insufficient traffic signs or indications of how to get downtown.
The main interstate highways passing through Rio are:
BR-116, which connects the city to the southern region of Brazil.
BR-101, which leads to the north and northwest, and
BR-040, which will take you in the central and western areas. -
Rio de Janeiro By bus
The long-distance bus depot, Rodovi?ria Novo Rio, is located in the North Zone's Santo Cristo neighborhood. Taxis and coach buses can get you to the South Zone in about fifteen minutes; local buses take a bit longer. Fresc?o air-conditioned coaches can be caught just off the bus station. The coaches connect the station to the city center and main hotel areas of Copacabana and Ipanema. Bus companies include :
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Plastic Surgery News...
- The case of a woman who died following childbirth due to a drug administration error has been reported widely today in the press. Mayra Cabrera, a 30-year old nurse, suffered a fatal heart attack within three hours of giving birth to a healthy son; this was found to be as a result of intravenous administration of anaesthetic which was intended for use as an epidural.
According to a report by the Telegraph, a midwife at the Great Western Hospital in Swindon allegedly attached a drip bag containing bupivacaine for epidural administration to an intravenous drip in her arm. The Swindon and Marlborough NHS Trust had previously admitted liability but, following a police inquiry, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided not to bring charges. However, the CPS will now re-examine the case, after an inquest jury found the trust to be responsible for unlawful killing. It is believed to be the first such finding against an NHS trust, rather than a named person.
The jury decided specifically that sub-standard storage of drugs in the maternity unit was to blame for her death. The hearing had been told that storage of the drug in the delivery suites was "chaotic", and did not meet requirements. The coroner involved in the case said he would be writing to the Health Secretary to recommend a series of changes, in particular the introduction of epidural use-only equipment. He would also be writing to the trust to recommend improvements in storage systems, training and administration in the maternity unit. The Telegraph report says that the trust involved had introduced a policy to store bupivacaine in locked cupboards following previous incidents, but this had been ignored following a move to a new site.
- Three-year results reported from a controlled trial of etanercept plus methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) confirm the continued efficacy of the combination against monotherapy, with no unexpected adverse effects.
The TEMPO trial was planned from outset as a longer-term, three-year study. It compared etanercept plus MTX against either drug as monotherapy in adult patients with active RA not responding to at least one previous DMARD other than MTX. They were randomised to double-blind treatment with etanercept, MTX, or the combination; initial outcomes focussed on response to treatment using ACR criteria. For the long-term phase, the outcomes used were disease activity and remission using the Disease Activity Score (DAS); response according the ACR score was also assessed. The authors used statistical techniques that attempted to correct for biases inherent in long-term therapeutic trials.
TEMPO initially randomised 686 patients, of whom 682 received at least one dose of study drug. Over the three years, 350 patients withdrew from the trial, with more withdrawals due to inefficacy in the monotherapy groups (combination group 5% vs. 16% for etanercept and 17% for MTX). Analysis indicated that those in the combination therapy group had greater improvement in DAS and were more likely to remain in remission than those in either monotherapy group. Patients in the combination group did better than those in the monotherapy groups on most other outcomes; the combination and etanercept were both better than MTX alone for radiographic progression. Adverse effects were similar across the three groups, and no new or unexpected adverse effects were reported in year three.
Overall, the authors conclude that etanercept plus MTX combination treatment continued to show superior efficacy to monotherapy over three years, even after adjustment for withdrawals. There were no additional safety concerns.