Nose surgery in AU
Nose surgery in AU section, includes general infrmation about Nose surgery Procedure, Nose surgery AU Local News, Nose surgery AU Surgeon Locator and other Nose surgery related material.
Nose surgery Procedure
Nose Surgery
(Nose Job, Nose re-shaping)
(Rhinoplasty)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nose re-shaping surgery (Rhinoplasty, from Greek: Rhinos = "Nose", Plastikos = "to shape") is a cosmetic surgical procedure performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, plastic surgeon, or ENT surgeon, in order to improve the function (reconstructive surgery) and/or the appearance (cosmetic surgery) of a person's nose.
Rhinoplasty is also commonly called a "nose job".
Rhinoplasty can be performed to meet aesthetic goals or for reconstructive purposes to correct birth defects or breathing problems. It can be combined with other surgical procedures such as chin augmentation to enhance the aesthetic results.
The procedure can reduce or increase the size of the nose, narrow the span of the nostrils, change the angle between the nose and upper lip, and/or change the tip or bridge of the nose. It can also correct some breathing problems.
Where is Nose Surgery performed?
Simple rhinoplasty is usually performed in an outpatient surgery center or in the surgeon's office. Most procedures take only an hour or two, and patients go home right away. Complex procedures may be performed in a hospital and require a short stay.
Rhinoplasty is usually performed by a surgeon with advanced training in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
How rhinoplasty is performed
Rhinoplasty involves the re-sculpting of the bone and cartilage. When operating on the nose, the surgeon can either work from within the nose by making an incision inside the nose, or work from the outside by making a small incision across the tissue that separates the nostrils. The latter is known as an "open" procedure.
It can be performed under a general anesthetic or with local anesthetic, depending on patient or doctor preference. Incisions are made inside the nostrils (closed rhinoplasty). Sometimes, tiny, inconspicuous incisions are also made on the columella, the bit of skin that separates the nostrils (open rhinoplasty). The surgeon first separates soft tissues of the nose from the underlying structures, then reshapes the cartilage and bone causing the deformity.
In some cases, the surgeon may shape a small piece of the patient's own cartilage or bone to strengthen or increase the structure of the nose. Sometimes this is done for cosmetic reasons (to improve the shape of the nasal tip, for example), or it may be done to improve breathing and function of the nose.
In rarer cases, a synthetic implant may be used to reconstruct the nose if the normal structure of bone and cartilage is badly damaged or weakened. Alloplastic synthetic materials are often associated with long-term complications such as migration and extrusion. Alternatively, cartilage from the septum, ear or rib may be used.
To improve nasal breathing function, a septoplasty may be performed, with or without cosmetic changes. The cartilage that is removed may be used as a graft to improve the appearance and structure of the nose.
Possible complications
• Re-operation: although not common, sometimes a second surgery may be required to correct a minor deformity that occurs as a result of the initial rhinoplasty.
• Surgery complications: as in any surgery there are some risks involves, including: infection; reaction to the anesthesia; nose bleeding.
• Burst blood vessels: sometimes small blood vessels may burst causing tiny red spots on the nose to surface. The spots are usually minor in appearance but can be permanent.
• Scarring: with the "open" procedure there is the possibility of scarring on the base of the nose.
Length of procedure
about two hours
Recovery
It usually takes around a few days.
Return to work / school is usually within a week.
Back to other normal activities according to surgeon’s guidelines.
Side effects (short-term)
• Small amount of bleeding in first few days;
• Splint applied to nose to help maintain new shape, nasal packs or soft plastic splints may be placed in nostrils to stabilize septum;
• Face will feel puffy;
• Nose may ache;
• Some headache;
• Swelling around the eyes, bruising around the eyes;
• Small burst blood vessels may appear as tiny red spots on the skin's surface.
Ethnic Nose Rhinoplasty
Many African-Americans or Asian-Americans, or those who have an “ethnic nose” choose to have an aesthetic rhinoplasty.
Although techniques and methods employed during rhinoplasty surgeries are the same regardless of race, there are some trends that apply to patients of certain ethnic backgrounds.
Asian-Rhinoplasty: Asian patients often want their noses to appear narrower. This can be done through the use of infractures, where the nasal bones are broken and moved in or reset to thin out the nasal area and add projection in the process. (Outfractures, where the nasal bones are broken and moved outwards, are used to widen a too-narrow dorsum.)
African-Rhinoplasty: One common trend in African American Rhinoplasty is to narrow wide nostrils. This procedure may include removing sections of the base of the nostrils or sections of the nose where it meets the face. The tip of the nose can be restructured by removing tiny sections of cartilage.
Revision rhinoplasty
Revision rhinoplasty is a nose operation carried out to correct or revise an unsatisfactory outcome from a previous rhinoplasty. It is also known as secondary rhinoplasty or tertiary rhinoplasty. There are two main reasons for performing secondary or tertiary rhinoplasty. The first is purely cosmetic. A patient may be unsatisfied with all or part of a previous nose “job,” because of the way their nose appears after rhinoplasty surgery. A nasal hump may not have been reduced enough, or too much. A prominent or bulbous nasal tip may have not been addressed appropriately, or over-aggressively. The nose may looked pinched, it may look like a parrot’s beak, or like a boxer’s nose. There are many ways in which previous nose surgery may have left a nose aesthetically unappealing to a patient. The second reason is functional. The original nasal surgery may have been carried out to help with difficulties in breathing, and the outcome may have been unsatisfactory. Alternatively, the original surgery may have been performed for cosmetic reasons, but may have disrupted a normal physiologic mechanism involving the inspiration or expiration of air, making it difficult to breathe. Secondary rhinoplasty, and especially tertiary rhinoplasty, are extremely complicated procedures. This is self-evident because it is clear that even when the patient was operated upon for the first time, even when the tissues were “virginal,” and untouched the desired result could not be obtained.
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Australia Geography Australia is the world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; it's slightly smaller than the 48 contiguous United States. The highly urbanised population is heavily concentrated along the eastern and south-eastern coasts. Australia is bordered on the northwest, west, and southwest by the Indian Ocean, and on the east by the South Pacific Ocean. The Tasman Sea lies to the southeast, while the Great Barrier Reef lies to the northeast. Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Indonesia are Australia's northern neighbors, separated from Australia by the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea.
Australia is mostly arid and semi-arid: the center is desert and much agricultural land is poor quality by the standards of continents with richer soil. The south east is temperate and the north tropical. Australia was massively deforested for agricultural purposes: forest areas survive in extensive national parks and some other areas. Australia is prone to severe drought and water restrictions are currently in place in some areas, however these shouldn't affect travellers as they mostly relate to watering gardens and washing cars.
Australia History The continent of Australia was apparently first settled more than 40,000 years ago with successive waves of immigration of Aboriginal peoples from south and south-east Asia. With rising sea levels after the last Ice Age, Australia became largely isolated from the rest of the world and the Aboriginal tribes developed a variety of cultures, based on a close (spiritual) relationship with the land and nature, and extended kinship. Australian aborigines maintained a hunter/gatherer culture for thousands of years in association with a complex artistic and cultural life - including a very rich 'story-telling' tradition. While the 'modern impression' of Australian Aborigines is largely built around an image of the 'desert people' who have adapted to some of the harshest conditions on the planet (equivalent to the bushmen of the Kalahari), Australia provided a 'comfortable living' for the bulk of aborigines amongst the bountiful flora and fauna on the Australian coast - until the arrival of Europeans.
Plastic Surgery News...
- Unselected coagulation testing is widely practiced to assess bleeding risk prior to surgery. However this may delay surgery inappropriately, cause unnecessary concern in patients with ‘abnormal’ tests and is costly. A systematic review found that coagulation tests were poor predictors of bleeding. The following key recommendations were thus made:
• Indiscriminate coagulation screening prior to surgery or other invasive procedures to predict postoperative bleeding in unselected patients is not recommended.
• A bleeding history including detail of family history, previous excessive post-traumatic or postsurgical bleeding and use of anti-thrombotic drugs should be taken in all patients preoperatively and prior to invasive procedures.
• If the bleeding history is negative, no further coagulation testing is indicated.
• If the bleeding history is positive or there is a clear clinical indication (e.g. liver disease), a comprehensive assessment, guided by the clinical features is required.
- The grossly disproportionate impact of HIV/AIDS on African Americans
is a public health crisis that we at the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) and as a nation must address boldly. Nearly 27 years
into the AIDS epidemic, approximately half of the new HIV infections
that occur each year in the United States are among African Americans,
even though they represent only 13 percent of the U.S. population.